The technique of star delta (or wye-delta) motor starting is one of the most commonly used methods for reducing the current taken by a 3-phase induction motor during start up. The star delta starter is basically an AC motor starter that can reduce the amount of current taken by the motor during the start up phase. This is done by connecting the motor to the supply via a particular start sequence.
To understand how the star delta starter works one must first know it’s components and how they interact with the motor. In the star delta starter the motor is connected in three phases typically denoted by L1, L2, and L3. The motor is then connected to the supply via a series of contactors. A contactor is an electrically activated switch used for switching electrical current. The contactors are programmed in a specific pattern such that when the motor is started only two out of the three phases are connected to the supply while the third phase is left disconnected. This is called the star configuration as the three phases form a star shape.
Once the motor has reached a certain speed the contactors switch again so that all three phases are connected in a loop or delta configuration. This reduces the current taken by the motor and allows it to run on much lower currents than if all three phases were connected at the same time. The star delta starter is thus an excellent method to reduce the current taken by an induction motor and thereby reduce the stress on its components.
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